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Social History of Conjoined Twins
This website talks about the difficulties that many conjoined twins had during their lifetime.
Listing of all conjoined twins.
This website has a very large database of all conjoined twins.
Conjoined Twins International
This site provides the only known support group for conjoined twins, founded in 1996.
Types of Conjoined Twins
This website provides an understanding of the different types of conjoined twins. Includes survival
rate.
- craniopagus- joined at the head, separation is possible but brain damage usually occurs
- rachipagus- joined at dorsal or rear at spine, very rare
- pyropagus- joined at dorsal or rear at pelvis, very rare but outlook good
- parapagus- lateral or side union with third and fourth limbs, separation is possible
- cephalopagus- ventral or frontal connection, including head and chest, babies born with this type
do not survive
- ischiopagus- ventral or frontal union at pelvis, separation rate good
- omphalopagus-ventral or frontal union at abdomen, highest survival rate
- thoracopagus- ventral or frontal connection at heart, no survival
- parasitic-extra limbs
Hopkins Team Separates Conjoined Twins
This site talks about a surgical team separating a pair of conjoined twins.
Cause of Conjoined Twins
This website gives information about what causes conjoined twins to form. The developing embryo begins
to split into identical twins but it stops part way and results in conjoined twins. It may also be caused by genetic and environmental
factors that cause separation on day 13 of fertilization.
The Buckles Family
A great page about a family and their story about their fomerly conjoined twins.
The American Pediatric Surgical Association
This page presents information on ethical considerations of separating conjoined twins as well as
the effect on the central nervous system, heart, liver, GI tract, etc...
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